Brig. Gen. John Campbell

I represent Brigadier General John Campbell. I was born in 1727 in Scotland and had shown promise in active military service since my youth. I served in the Seven Year’s War in His Majesty’s 42nd Regiment of Foot. I was ordered by the Crown to Pensacola to take command of all military forces in the province in late 1778 and arrived in Pensacola in January 1779. I brought with me about 1,200 troops, including the 3rd Waldeck Regiment, Royal Artillery, the Maryland Loyalists Regiment, and Provincial Corps of Pennsylvania Loyalists. This was greeted with some relief as command of West Florida forces had rested with regimental officers since General Haldimand left in 1773. Disaster struck almost immediately with Spain’s declaration of war on Britain – Galvez began striking out of New Orleans and slowly began taking each outpost between there and Pensacola. To be fair, I faced many challenges: Pensacola’s defenses had been neglected by the Crown for a long time; the troops faced illness; desertion was rampant; our Indian allies came and went with little notice; and my naval support was entirely lacking. I made a brave defense of Pensacola against the Spanish siege, but they chipped away at us, little by little, and with the explosion at the Queen’s redoubt on May 8, 1781, it was obvious that defeat was inevitable. I negotiated an honorable surrender that ensured the troops and inhabitants of Pensacola would be sent to a British stronghold, and signed the capitulation on May 10, 1781. My military career continued; after the end of the Revolutionary War I served as commander in chief of British forces in North America (Canada), then I retired home to Scotland. I died in 1806.

Sources: 11, 13, 14

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